What the data shows across these countries
- 44 documented routes in total
- 23 countries have at least one route that leads to permanent residence
- 19 countries have at least one route that leads on to citizenship
- 7 countries document at least one route with no language requirement
- 13 EU members, 13 in the Schengen Area, 6 in the Persian Gulf
- Official government fees range from 60 to 1,465,000 EUR across the 10 countries that publish one
These figures are counted from the routes documented on this site, not estimated. Each country page states its own sources.
Countries offering this route
Andorra
- Passive Residence / Residence Without Lucrative Activity (Art. 32)
1 pathway
Official fee from 1,465,000 EUR
Leads to PR / citizenship
See requirements
United Arab Emirates
- UAE Golden Visa (Long-Term Residence, 5 or 10 years)
- Retirement Residence Visa (5 years, age 55+)
2 pathways
No language needed
See requirements
Albania
- Investor Permit (Art. 69)
- Residence Permit for Owners of Immovable Property (Art. 84)
- Pensioner / Retiree Residence Permit (Art. 85)
3 pathways
Official fee from 165 ALL
Leads to PR / citizenship
See requirements
Austria
- Settlement Permit - Gainful Employment Excepted (private means)
1 pathway
Official fee from 218 EUR
EU Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship
See requirements
Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Temporary Residence via Real Estate Ownership
1 pathway
Leads to PR / citizenship
See requirements
Bulgaria
- Permanent residence by investment (Golden Visa)
1 pathway
EU Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship
See requirements
Bahrain
- Golden Residency - Property Owner
- Golden Residency - Professionals Working in Bahrain
- Golden Residency - Retiree
3 pathways
Leads to PR / citizenship No language needed
See requirements
Switzerland
- Lump-Sum Taxation Residence (Golden Visa Equivalent)
1 pathway
Official fee from 435,000 CHF
Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship
See requirements
Czech Republic
- Long-term Residence for Investment
1 pathway
Official fee from 7,500 CZK
EU Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship
See requirements
Spain
- Investor (Golden) Visa - DISCONTINUED
1 pathway
EU Schengen
See requirements
United Kingdom
- Tier 1 (Investor) visa — CLOSED
1 pathway
Leads to PR / citizenship
See requirements
Greece
- Investor / Golden Visa (Category B - Residence by Investment)
1 pathway
Official fee from 2,016 EUR
EU Schengen
See requirements
Hungary
- Guest Investor Program (Golden Visa)
1 pathway
Official fee from 1,250,000 HUF
EU Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship
See requirements
Ireland
- Immigrant Investor Programme (IIP) - CLOSED
1 pathway
EU
See requirements
Italy
- Investor Visa for Italy (Visto per investitori)
1 pathway
EU Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship
See requirements
Kuwait
- Long-Term Investor Residency (up to 15 years, Foreign Capital Investment Law No. 116/2013)
- Property-Owner Long-Term Residency (up to 10 years)
2 pathways
Official fee from 90 KWD
No language needed
See requirements
Latvia
- Residence by Investment (Golden Visa) — Immigration Law Section 23(1)
1 pathway
Official fee from 61,000 EUR
EU Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship
See requirements
Moldova
- Investor temporary residence permit
1 pathway
Official fee from 4,100 MDL
Leads to PR / citizenship
See requirements
Montenegro
- Residence by Real Estate Ownership (November 2025 EUR 200,000 threshold)
1 pathway
Official fee from 67 EUR
North Macedonia
- Property-Based Residence (EU/OECD Property Owners)
- Investor / Company Director Residence Permit
2 pathways
Official fee from 120 MKD
Leads to PR / citizenship
See requirements
Malta
- Malta Permanent Residence Programme (MPRP)
- Global Residence Programme (GRP)
2 pathways
Official fee from 539,850 EUR
EU Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship
See requirements
Netherlands
- Investor / Golden Visa (ABOLISHED)
1 pathway
Official fee from 1,250,000 EUR
EU Schengen
See requirements
Oman
- Investor Residency Programme (Golden Residency, 5-year and 10-year)
1 pathway
Official fee from 551 OMR
Leads to PR / citizenship No language needed
See requirements
Portugal
- Golden Visa - Residence for Investment Activity (ARI)
1 pathway
Official fee from 250,029 EUR
EU Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship
See requirements
Qatar
- Real Estate Residence Permit (Property Investor Residency, Law No. 16 of 2018)
1 pathway
Official fee from 730,000 QAR
Leads to PR / citizenship No language needed
See requirements
Serbia
- Temporary residence for investors
1 pathway
Official fee from 55,000 RSD
Leads to PR / citizenship No language needed
See requirements
Saudi Arabia
- Premium Residency - Unlimited Duration
- Premium Residency - Limited Duration
- Premium Residency - Investor Category
- and 3 more
6 pathways
Official fee from 4,000 SAR
Leads to PR / citizenship No language needed
See requirements
Slovakia
- Significant Foreign Investor and Investor Staff Residence
1 pathway
Official fee from 260 EUR
EU Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship
See requirements
San Marino
- Elective / Investor Residence (Residenza Elettiva) - L 118/2010 art. 16 c.3, DD 5/2018
- Atypical Residence for Retirees (Residenza Atipica Pensionati) - L 223/2020, L 64/2025
2 pathways
Official fee from 60 EUR
Leads to PR / citizenship
See requirements
Ukraine
- Foreign Investor Temporary Residence Permit
1 pathway
Official fee from 101,140 UAH
Leads to PR / citizenship
See requirements