Study / Student

What the data shows across these countries

• 49 documented routes in total
• 29 countries have at least one route that leads to permanent residence
• 30 countries have at least one route that leads on to citizenship
• 6 countries document at least one route with no language requirement
• 27 EU members, 29 in the Schengen Area, 6 in the Persian Gulf
• Official government fees range from 10 to 1,600 EUR across the 21 countries that publish one

These figures are counted from the routes documented on this site, not estimated. Each country page states its own sources.