Liechtenstein

Work / Employment High confidence

EEA work residence permit (B) — government grant

Residence permit for gainfully employed EEA nationals, awarded by government on economic-needs criteria (half of the at-least-56 active-permit quota).

Processing time: As a rule within 4 weeks of a complete application
Validity: Typically 5 years (B permit)
Language requirement: None for the permit itself
Documents: 7 required
Permanent residence: Yes · Permanent residence (C/D) after 5 years

Requirements

EEA nationality
Employment contract with a Liechtenstein employer
Proof of accommodation in Liechtenstein
Comprehensive health insurance
Clean criminal record
Application filed at least 14 days before the planned start of employment

Required Documents

Completed APA application form required
Valid passport plus passport photo required
Employment contract required
Proof of accommodation (rental or purchase contract) required
Criminal-record certificate required
Proof of comprehensive health insurance required
CHF 80 advance-payment receipt required

Official fees

Advance on costs at filing 80 CHF

B residence permit on positive decision 1,060 CHF

Fee if application is refused 80 CHF

Estimated total 1,220 CHF

Process Steps

1
Pay advance

Pay the CHF 80 advance to the APA IBAN LI3108800000020328800.
2
Assemble documents

Gather the application form, passport, employment contract and supporting documents.
3
Submit application

File the complete application with the APA at least 14 days before the job start date.
4
Await decision

The government decides on complete applications, as a rule within 4 weeks.
5
Collect permit

On a positive decision pay the CHF 1,060 fee and collect the B permit.

Official Sources

Work / Employment High confidence

EEA work residence permit (B) — lottery / draw

Twice-yearly lottery (28 permits/year) for gainfully employed EEA nationals, registered digitally during the February window.

Processing time: Twice yearly draws (spring and autumn)
Validity: Typically 5 years (B permit) once issued
Language requirement: None
Documents: 3 required
Permanent residence: Yes · Permanent residence (C/D) after 5 years

Requirements

EEA nationality (Swiss and UK nationals excluded)
Employment in Liechtenstein (gainful employment abroad not permitted)
Timely, complete, single application
Fees paid on time
No false declarations, entry ban, or danger to public safety/order/health

Required Documents

Online participation/registration form (digital) required
Passport copy (after being drawn) required
Employment contract (after being drawn) required

Official fees

Preliminary draw fee 100 CHF

Final draw fee (if drawn) 500 CHF

B residence permit on issuance 1,060 CHF

Estimated total 1,660 CHF

Process Steps

1
Register online

Register via the APA digital form during the open window (spring window 1–28 February) and pay the CHF 100 fee by credit card.
2
Preliminary draw

Applicants enter the preliminary draw.
3
Submit documents

If drawn, submit further documents digitally and pay the CHF 500 final-draw fee.
4
Requirements check

General requirements and Art. 38 exclusion grounds are checked.
5
Final draw

Those drawn receive notice assuring a residence permit; all applicants are notified.

Official Sources

Work / Employment Medium confidence

Swiss nationals — residence permit (B)

Separate quota for Swiss nationals (at least 12/year employment, 5/year without), all granted by government with no lottery.

Processing time: As a rule within 4 weeks
Validity: Typically 5 years (B permit)
Language requirement: None
Documents: 5 required
Permanent residence: Yes · Permanent residence (C/D) after 5 years

Requirements

Swiss nationality
Employment contract (for the employment quota) or proof of sufficient means (for the non-employment quota)
Proof of accommodation
Comprehensive health insurance

Required Documents

Completed APA application form required
Valid passport required
Employment contract or proof of means required
Proof of accommodation required
CHF 80 advance-payment receipt required

Official fees

Advance on costs at filing 80 CHF

B residence permit on positive decision 1,060 CHF

Estimated total 1,140 CHF

Process Steps

1
Prepare

Assemble documents and pay the CHF 80 advance.
2
Submit

File the complete application with the APA.
3
Decision

Government grants the permit (no lottery).

Official Sources

Official APA — Residing in Liechtenstein (overview) · Migration and Passport Office (APA)

Work / Employment High confidence

Third-country work residence permit (B) — discretionary

Highly restrictive discretionary permit for non-EEA/non-Swiss managers, specialists and qualified employees only.

Processing time: Generally within 3 months of a complete application
Validity: Typically 1 year, renewable
Language requirement: None for the permit itself
Documents: 8 required
Permanent residence: Yes · Permanent residence (C) after 5 years, subject to passing the civics test

Requirements

Non-EEA / non-Swiss nationality
Position as manager, specialist or qualified employee with apprenticeship or long professional experience
Employer demonstrates national-economic interest
Application filed at least 14 days before employment start (earlier if a visa is required)
Visa where applicable

Required Documents

Completed APA application form required
Valid passport plus photo required
Employment contract required
Qualification evidence (apprenticeship / professional experience) required
Proof of accommodation required
Comprehensive health insurance required
Criminal-record certificate required
CHF 80 advance-payment receipt required

Official fees

Advance on costs at filing 80 CHF

B residence permit on positive decision 1,060 CHF

Fee if refused 80 CHF

Estimated total 1,220 CHF

Process Steps

1
Verify eligibility

Confirm the role qualifies as manager/specialist/qualified employee.
2
Prepare

Assemble documents including qualification evidence and pay the CHF 80 advance.
3
Submit

File at least 14 days before employment start (earlier if visa-required).
4
Decision

Government decides at discretion, generally within 3 months.

Official Sources

Work / Employment High confidence

Short-term residence permit (L)

Permit for gainful employment up to a maximum of 12 months; on expiry the holder must leave the country.

Processing time: Decision before the planned employment start (file at least 14 days ahead)
Validity: Maximum 12 months
Language requirement: None
Documents: 5 required

Requirements

Gainful employment in Liechtenstein
Not eligible as a cross-border commuter
Third-country nationals: manager/specialist/qualified-employee qualification
Application filed at least 14 days before employment start

Required Documents

Completed APA application form required
Valid passport required
Short-term employment contract required
Proof of accommodation required
Qualification proof (third-country nationals)
CHF 80 advance-payment receipt required

Official fees

Advance on costs at filing 80 CHF

Permit on positive decision 1,060 CHF

Estimated total 1,140 CHF

Process Steps

1
Prepare

Assemble the form, passport, short-term contract and accommodation proof (and qualification proof if third-country).
2
Submit

File at least 14 days before employment start (visa-required persons earlier).
3
Decision and start

Begin work only after the permit has been issued.

Official Sources

Official APA — Short-stay permit (L) · Migration and Passport Office (APA)

Work / Employment High confidence

Cross-border commuter permit (G) — employment without residence

Permit for workers who are employed in Liechtenstein but return to their foreign residence every working day.

Processing time: Decision before the planned start (file at least 14 days ahead)
Validity: Tied to the employment relationship
Language requirement: None
Documents: 4 required

Requirements

Employment in Liechtenstein
Daily return to a place of residence abroad
Application filed at least 14 days before employment start

Required Documents

Completed APA application form required
Valid passport required
Employment contract required
Proof of foreign residence required
Qualification proof (third-country nationals)

Official fees

Advance on costs at filing 80 CHF

Permit on positive decision 1,060 CHF

Estimated total 1,140 CHF

Process Steps

1
Prepare

Assemble the form, passport, employment contract and proof of foreign residence.
2
Submit

File with the APA at least 14 days before employment start.
3
Start

Begin work only after the permit has been issued.

Official Sources

Official APA — Border citizen permit for third-country nationals (G) · Migration and Passport Office (APA)

Study / Student Medium confidence

Study / research residence

Students and researchers use the standard residence categories; there is no Directive-based student/researcher permit.

Processing time: ~4 weeks (EEA/Swiss) or ~3 months (third-country)
Validity: Tied to the underlying residence permit
Language requirement: None for the permit; programme-specific requirements may apply
Documents: 5 required
Permanent residence: Yes · Permanent residence after 5 years (general rule)

Requirements

Enrolment / research position at a Liechtenstein institution
Sufficient means and health insurance
Third-country nationals: discretionary admission (AuG Art. 20/21), subject to quota

Required Documents

Completed APA application form required
Valid passport required
Proof of enrolment or research engagement required
Proof of means and health insurance required
CHF 80 advance-payment receipt required

Official fees

Advance on costs at filing 80 CHF

Permit on positive decision 1,060 CHF

Estimated total 1,140 CHF

Process Steps

1
Secure placement

Obtain enrolment or a research position at a Liechtenstein institution.
2
Apply

File the appropriate residence permit application with the APA (visa where applicable).

Official Sources

Official APA — Residing in Liechtenstein (overview) · Migration and Passport Office (APA)

Self-employment / Freelance High confidence

EEA residence without gainful employment (B) — independent means

Residence for economically non-active EEA nationals with sufficient means; local employment prohibited. At least 16/year, 8 by lottery.

Processing time: Government grant decided once per quarter; lottery twice yearly
Validity: Typically 5 years (B permit)
Language requirement: None
Documents: 7 required
Permanent residence: Yes · Permanent residence (C/D) after 5 years

Requirements

EEA nationality
Not gainfully employed in Liechtenstein
Sufficient financial resources so no social assistance is required
Comprehensive health insurance
Proof of accommodation

Required Documents

Completed APA application form required
Valid passport required
Proof of sufficient financial means required
Proof of comprehensive health insurance required
Proof of accommodation required
Criminal-record certificate required
CHF 80 advance-payment receipt required

Official fees

Advance on costs at filing 80 CHF

B residence permit on positive decision 1,060 CHF

Fee if refused 80 CHF

Preliminary draw fee (lottery route) 100 CHF

Final draw fee (lottery route, if drawn) 500 CHF

Estimated total 1,820 CHF

Process Steps

1
Choose route

Apply via government grant (quarterly) or via the lottery (Feb registration window).
2
Prove means

Demonstrate sufficient financial resources and comprehensive health insurance.
3
Submit / register

Submit the complete application to the APA, or register online and pay the CHF 100 fee for the lottery.
4
Decision

Government decides (quarterly) or the draw is conducted; on the lottery route pay CHF 500 if drawn.

Official Sources

Self-employment / Freelance High confidence

Third-country residence without gainful employment (B)

Discretionary residence for non-EEA/non-Swiss nationals with sufficient means; no work permitted. Decided quarterly.

Processing time: Government decides once per quarter
Validity: Typically 1 year, renewable
Language requirement: None
Documents: 7 required
Permanent residence: Yes · Permanent residence (C) after 5 years, subject to civics test

Requirements

Non-EEA / non-Swiss nationality
Sufficient financial means so no social assistance is required
Comprehensive health insurance
No work in Liechtenstein

Required Documents

Completed APA application form required
Valid passport required
Proof of sufficient means required
Comprehensive health insurance required
Proof of accommodation required
Criminal-record certificate required
CHF 80 advance-payment receipt required

Official fees

Advance on costs at filing 80 CHF

B residence permit on positive decision 1,060 CHF

Fee if refused 80 CHF

Estimated total 1,220 CHF

Process Steps

1
Prepare

Assemble proof of means, health insurance and accommodation; pay the CHF 80 advance.
2
Submit

File the complete application with the APA.
3
Decision

Government decides once per quarter.

Official Sources

Official APA — Award of residence permit (B), without employment · Migration and Passport Office (APA)

Self-employment / Freelance Medium confidence

Self-employment / company formation

Self-employed residence requires both a trade-licence authorisation and a quota residence permit; no investor/entrepreneur fast-track.

Processing time: Standard B-permit timelines for the residence component
Validity: Tied to the underlying residence permit (typically 5 years for EEA B)
Language requirement: None
Documents: 2 required
Permanent residence: Yes · Permanent residence after 5 years (residence component)

Requirements

Professional and commercial-law (trade-licence) requirements met for the activity
Gewerbe (trade) authorisation / business registration
Quota residence permit if living in Liechtenstein (lottery or grant)

Required Documents

Trade (Gewerbe) authorisation / business registration required
Residence permit application documents (as for B permit) required

Official fees

B residence permit on positive decision (residence component) 1,060 CHF

Advance on costs at filing 80 CHF

Estimated total 1,140 CHF

Process Steps

1
Obtain trade licence

Secure the relevant Gewerbe authorisation / business registration.
2
Secure residence

Obtain a quota residence permit if living in Liechtenstein, or register as a cross-border self-employed worker if not.

Official Sources

Family Reunification High confidence

Family reunification

Derivative residence for spouses/registered partners, children and dependent parents of a permit holder; apply within three years.

Processing time: Standard B-permit processing
Validity: Derived from the principal permit
Language requirement: None for the application
Documents: 7 required
Permanent residence: Yes · Permanent residence after 5 years

Requirements

Qualifying relationship to a permit holder (see eligibility)
Adequate housing
Sufficient financial means
Health insurance
Applied for within three years (as a rule)

Required Documents

Completed application form required
Passports of family members required
Marriage / registered-partnership certificate (translated/legalised as required) required
Birth certificates for children required
Proof of adequate housing required
Proof of sufficient means required
Proof of health insurance required

Official fees

Advance on costs at filing 80 CHF

Permit on positive decision 1,060 CHF

Estimated total 1,140 CHF

Process Steps

1
Confirm eligibility

Verify the relationship qualifies under the EEA/Swiss or third-country rules.
2
Gather civil-status documents

Obtain marriage/birth/partnership certificates, translated and legalised where required.
3
Submit

File the application with the APA, as a rule within three years.

Official Sources

Language / Au-pair Low confidence

Au Pair (short-term L permit)

Au-pair placement handled as a dedicated subcategory of the short-term L permit, with a host-family contract.

Processing time: Decision before the planned start (file at least 14 days ahead)
Validity: Maximum 12 months
Language requirement: None specified by the permit
Documents: 3 required

Requirements

Au-pair host-family contract
Valid passport
Application filed at least 14 days before start

Required Documents

Completed APA application form required
Valid passport required
Au-pair host-family contract required

Official fees

Advance on costs at filing 80 CHF

Permit on positive decision 1,060 CHF

Estimated total 1,140 CHF

Process Steps

1
Arrange placement

Conclude an au-pair contract with a host family.
2
Submit

File the L permit application with the APA at least 14 days before the start date.
3
Start

Begin the placement only after the permit is issued.

Official Sources

Official APA — Residence in Liechtenstein for employment purposes (L permit parent page) · Migration and Passport Office (APA)

Ancestry / Descent Medium confidence

Citizenship by descent (ius sanguinis)

A child of a Liechtenstein parent acquires citizenship by operation of law; no civics test or vote.

Processing time: Registration with the Civil Registry
Validity: Permanent (citizenship)
Language requirement: None
Documents: 2 required
Permanent residence: Yes
Citizenship: Yes · By operation of law at birth

Permanent Residence High confidence

Permanent residence (D) and settlement / establishment (C)

Available after 5 years of stay; third-country nationals must pass the civics (Staatskunde) test.

Processing time: Application due at least 14 days before the current permit expires
Validity: Permanent (subject to conditions)
Language requirement: Civics test required for third-country nationals (no separate language exam stated)
Documents: 2 required
Permanent residence: Yes · After 5 years of stay

Requirements

5 years of stay
Third-country nationals: pass the civics (Staatskunde) test
Submit the complete application at least 14 days before the current permit expires

Required Documents

Official checklist 'Checkliste Erteilung Niederlassung/Daueraufenthalt' required
Valid passport required
Proof of passing the civics test (third-country nationals)

Official fees

Civics test 0 CHF

Permit fee 1,060 CHF

Estimated total 1,060 CHF

Process Steps

1
Pass civics test

Third-country nationals register for and pass the Staatskundetest (14 of 21 questions correct).
2
Submit application

File the complete PR application with the official checklist at least 14 days before the current permit expires.

Official Sources

Citizenship / Naturalization High confidence

Naturalization — ordinary procedure (municipal vote)

Requires 10 years' residence, renunciation of prior citizenship, German, a civics exam, and admission by a municipal citizens' vote.

Processing time: Dependent on the municipal citizens' vote
Validity: Permanent (citizenship)
Language requirement: Sufficient German
Documents: 3 required
Permanent residence: Yes
Citizenship: Yes · After 10 years of residence (subject to municipal vote)

Requirements

10 years of permanent ordinary residence before application
Relinquishment of previous citizenship
Proof of sufficient German
Pass the civics examination (18 of 27 correct), unless exempt
Admission by a vote of the municipal citizens

Required Documents

Application form 301 (online desk) required
Proof of 10-year residence required
Proof of sufficient German required
Proof of passing the civics exam (unless exempt)

Process Steps

1
Confirm residence

Confirm 10-year ordinary residence.
2
Pass civics exam

Pass the citizenship civics exam (18 of 27).
3
Apply

Apply via the online desk (form 301).
4
Municipal vote

The municipality holds a citizens' vote.
5
Grant

On admission, national citizenship is granted and prior citizenship renounced.

Official Sources

Official APA — Naturalization: ordinary procedure (vote) · Government of Liechtenstein / APA

Citizenship / Naturalization High confidence

Naturalization — facilitated, long-term residence (30 years)

Granted by administrative act after 30 years' residence (youth years double-counted), with no municipal vote.

Processing time: Administrative decision (no municipal vote)
Validity: Permanent (citizenship)
Language requirement: Sufficient German
Documents: 3 required
Permanent residence: Yes
Citizenship: Yes · After 30 years of residence (youth years double-counted)

Requirements

30 years of ordinary residence (birth to age 20 counted double)
Continued ordinary residence in the last 5 years before application
Relinquishment of prior citizenship
Proof of sufficient German
Pass the civics examination (18 of 27 correct)

Required Documents

Application form 300 (online desk) required
Proof of 30-year residence required
Proof of sufficient German required

Process Steps

1
Verify residence

Verify the 30-year residence with youth years double-counted.
2
Pass civics exam

Pass the citizenship civics exam (18 of 27).
3
Apply

Apply via the online desk (form 300).

Official Sources

Official APA — Naturalization as a result of longer-term residency · Government of Liechtenstein / APA

Citizenship / Naturalization High confidence

Naturalization — facilitated, by marriage

For spouses of Liechtenstein citizens: 10 years' residence (post-marriage years double-counted) and 5 years of marriage.

Processing time: Administrative decision
Validity: Permanent (citizenship)
Language requirement: Sufficient German
Documents: 4 required
Permanent residence: Yes
Citizenship: Yes · 10 years of residence (post-marriage years double-counted) and 5 years of marriage

Requirements

10 years of regular Liechtenstein residence (years after marriage double-counted)
At least 5 years of upright marriage to a Liechtenstein citizen
Liechtenstein partner did not themselves acquire citizenship by marriage
Relinquishment of prior citizenship
Sufficient German
Pass the civics examination

Required Documents

Application form 299 (online desk) required
Marriage certificate required
Proof of residence required
Proof of sufficient German required

Process Steps

1
Meet thresholds

Meet the residence and marriage-duration thresholds.
2
Pass civics exam

Pass the citizenship civics exam.
3
Apply

Apply via the online desk (form 299).

Official Sources

Official APA — Naturalization as a result of marriage · Government of Liechtenstein / APA

Asylum / Humanitarian High confidence

Asylum / international protection

Asylum procedure under the AsylG with EURODAC/Dublin checks; provisional admission where removal is impossible, impermissible or unreasonable.

Processing time: Varies; Dublin transfers handled first
Validity: Residence permit on recognition; provisional admission for 1 year (re-reviewed)
Language requirement: None (interviews held in the applicant's mother tongue with interpreter)
Permanent residence: Yes · Following recognition and qualifying residence

Requirements

Present an asylum claim to the APA
Cooperate: disclose identity, hand over documents, name and submit evidence, give biometric data

Required Documents

Identity and travel documents (where available)
Evidence supporting the asylum claim

Process Steps

1
Initial interview

APA interviews on identity and travel route with a EURODAC fingerprint check; a hit triggers the Dublin procedure.
2
Substantive interview

If Liechtenstein is responsible, substantive interviews are held with an interpreter and a charity representative.
3
Government decision

Recognition grants asylum plus a residence permit; rejection normally leads to a removal order.
4
Provisional admission

Where removal is impossible, impermissible or unreasonable, provisional admission for one year is granted and re-reviewed.

Immigration Pathways

EEA work residence permit (B) — government grant

Requirements

Required Documents

Official fees

Process Steps

Official Sources

EEA work residence permit (B) — lottery / draw

Requirements

Required Documents

Official fees

Process Steps

Official Sources

Swiss nationals — residence permit (B)

Requirements

Required Documents

Official fees

Process Steps

Official Sources

Third-country work residence permit (B) — discretionary

Requirements

Required Documents

Official fees

Process Steps

Official Sources

Short-term residence permit (L)

Requirements

Required Documents

Official fees

Process Steps

Official Sources

Cross-border commuter permit (G) — employment without residence

Requirements

Required Documents

Official fees

Process Steps

Official Sources

Study / research residence

Requirements

Required Documents

Official fees

Process Steps

Official Sources

EEA residence without gainful employment (B) — independent means

Requirements

Required Documents

Official fees

Process Steps

Official Sources

Third-country residence without gainful employment (B)

Requirements

Required Documents

Official fees

Process Steps

Official Sources

Self-employment / company formation

Requirements

Required Documents

Official fees

Process Steps

Official Sources

Family reunification

Requirements

Required Documents

Official fees

Process Steps

Official Sources

Au Pair (short-term L permit)

Requirements

Required Documents

Official fees

Process Steps

Official Sources

Citizenship by descent (ius sanguinis)

Requirements

Required Documents

Process Steps

Official Sources

Permanent residence (D) and settlement / establishment (C)