Switzerland

Requirements

• EU/EFTA nationality
• Employment contract or proof of genuine self-employment (or, if non-employed, proof of sufficient funds plus comprehensive health insurance)
• Registration at the commune within 14 days of arrival and before starting work

Required Documents

• Valid passport or national ID required
• Employment contract or proof of self-employment required
• Proof of address required
• Passport photos required
• Proof of sufficient funds and comprehensive health insurance (non-employed only)

Official fees

Process Steps

1. 1

   Secure employment

   Sign an employment contract or prepare self-employment evidence.

2. 2

   Enter Switzerland

   Enter without an entry visa (EU/EFTA nationals).

3. 3

   Register at commune

   Register at the Residents' Registration Office within 14 days of arrival and before starting work.

4. 4

   Apply for permit

   Apply for the L or B EU/EFTA residence permit at the cantonal migration office; the permit doubles as a work permit.

Official Sources

• Official SEM - B EU/EFTA residence permit · State Secretariat for Migration (SEM)
• Official SEM - EU/EFTA nationals in Switzerland · State Secretariat for Migration (SEM)

Requirements

• Manager, specialist or qualified worker (degree plus several years of experience)
• Employer-documented labour-market precedence search
• Availability within federal quotas
• Salary at customary regional/sectoral levels

Required Documents

• Signed employment contract required
• CV required
• Original diplomas plus certified translations into a Swiss official language or English required
• References required
• Details of institution, duration and curriculum for foreign qualifications required
• Recruitment-effort evidence required

Official fees

Process Steps

1. 1

   Sign conditional contract

   Employer signs a contract conditional on a work permit being granted.

2. 2

   Document precedence search

   Employer documents recruitment efforts via RAV, EURES and sector advertising, with a list of rejected candidates.

3. 3

   File cantonal application

   Employer files with the cantonal labour-market/migration authority, which checks quotas, salary, qualifications and housing.

4. 4

   Federal approval and visa

   Canton forwards to SEM; on approval an assurance of residence permit is issued and the worker collects a D visa abroad.

5. 5

   Enter and register

   Enter Switzerland, register at the commune within 14 days, and collect the permit.

Official Sources

• Official SEM - Work-market admission for non-EU/EFTA nationals · State Secretariat for Migration (SEM)

Requirements

• Swiss higher-education diploma from a recognised institution
• Employment in a role serving significant academic or economic interest
• Employment contract

Required Documents

• Swiss diploma required
• Employment contract required
• Proof the role serves academic/economic interest required

Official fees

Process Steps

1. 1

   Graduate and find role

   Complete studies and secure employment serving academic/economic interest.

2. 2

   Apply via employer route

   Apply through the employer; exempt from the precedence rule under FNIA Art. 21(3).

3. 3

   Approval and registration

   Canton-to-SEM approval; register at the commune within 14 days.

Official Sources

• Official SEM - Work-market admission for non-EU/EFTA nationals · State Secretariat for Migration (SEM)

Requirements

• EU/EFTA nationality
• Primary residence in an EU/EFTA country outside Switzerland
• Return to main residence abroad daily or at least once per week
• Valid employment contract or evidence of self-employment in Switzerland
• For contracts under 3 months: online notification procedure instead of G permit

Required Documents

• Valid EU/EFTA national passport or identity document required
• Employment contract or proof of self-employment in Switzerland required
• Proof of residence in EU/EFTA country (e.g. residence registration document) required
• Completed cantonal permit application form required

Process Steps

1. 1

   Employer or worker notifies cantonal authority

   The employer or cross-border commuter contacts the competent cantonal migration authority in the Swiss canton of employment. For short-term work under 3 months per year, use the online notification procedure (meldeverfahren.ch) instead.

2. 2

   Submit required documents

   Provide passport, employment contract, and proof of EU/EFTA residence to the cantonal authority.

3. 3

   Permit issued

   The cantonal authority issues the G permit, valid for the contract duration (3 months to 1 year) or for 5 years (contracts exceeding 1 year or permanent contracts). The permit is renewable.

Official Sources

• Official G EU/EFTA permit (Cross-border commuters) — SEM · State Secretariat for Migration (SEM), Switzerland

Requirements

• EU/EFTA nationality
• Fixed-term employment contract of 3 to 12 months with a Swiss employer, or self-employment engagement under 12 months
• For contracts under 3 months: online notification procedure instead of L permit
• Job seekers may apply without a contract but receive no entitlement to social assistance

Required Documents

• Valid EU/EFTA national passport or identity document required
• Employment contract (3–12 months) or proof of self-employment required
• Completed cantonal permit application form required
• Proof of accommodation in Switzerland

Process Steps

1. 1

   Register with the cantonal migration authority

   The employer or worker registers with the competent cantonal authority in the canton of residence/work. For contracts under 3 months annually, use the online notification procedure instead.

2. 2

   Submit required documents

   Provide passport and employment contract (or evidence of self-employment or job seeking). The canton processes the application.

3. 3

   Permit issued

   The L permit is issued for the duration of the contract. It can be extended if the contract is extended, up to a total period of less than 12 months.

4. 4

   Transition to B permit if employment continues

   If the employment or self-employment continues beyond 12 months, the holder becomes entitled to a 5-year B permit.

Official Sources

• Official L EU/EFTA permit (Short-term residents) — SEM · State Secretariat for Migration (SEM), Switzerland

Requirements

• Letter of acceptance from a recognised Swiss higher-education institution
• Proof of sufficient funds (benchmark roughly CHF 21,000/year)
• Swiss-compliant health insurance
• Registration at the commune within 14 days (EU/EFTA)

Required Documents

• Upper-secondary leaving certificate (original/notarised copy) required
• Proof of university enrolment required
• Evidence of sufficient funds (Swiss-authorised bank confirmation) required
• Valid passport or ID required
• Proof of address required
• 2 passport photos required
• Swiss-compliant health insurance required

Official fees

Process Steps

1. 1

   Obtain acceptance

   Apply to and obtain a letter of acceptance from the institution, submitting your upper-secondary leaving certificate and a passport photo.

2. 2

   Enter and register (EU/EFTA)

   Enter, register within 14 days, and apply for the residence permit at the cantonal Residents' Registration Office.

3. 3

   Apply for D visa (non-EU/EFTA)

   Apply for a national D visa at the Swiss embassy/consulate abroad; after approval, enter and register.

Official Sources

• Official FDFA/EDA - Studying in Switzerland (residency/visa) · Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (FDFA/EDA)
• Official ch.ch - Entry and stay in Switzerland · Swiss Confederation portal (ch.ch)

Requirements

• Genuine self-employment evidence (EU/EFTA)
• For third-country nationals: economic interest, sustainable financial basis and positive labour-market effect (FNIA Arts. 18-23)
• Availability within quotas (third-country nationals)

Required Documents

• Business plan required
• Proof of financing/capital required
• Commercial register entry required
• Qualifications required
• Sustainable-income evidence required

Official fees

Process Steps

1. 1

   Register business

   Register the business and, for EU/EFTA, register as self-employed for social security.

2. 2

   Apply for permit

   Apply for the B permit at the commune (EU/EFTA) or via canton-to-SEM approval (third-country).

Official Sources

• Official SEM - Non-EU/EFTA nationals (employment and self-employment) · State Secretariat for Migration (SEM)

Requirements

• Foreign national establishing Swiss tax domicile for the first time or after at least 10 years abroad
• Not gainfully employed in Switzerland
• Agreed lump-sum tax ruling with a canton
• Significant cantonal/fiscal interest (FNIA Art. 30)

Required Documents

• Proof of assets/income required
• Agreed cantonal tax ruling required
• Comprehensive health insurance policy required
• Proof of accommodation required
• Valid passport required

Official fees

Process Steps

1. 1

   Agree tax ruling

   Negotiate and agree a tax ruling with the chosen canton's tax authority before establishing domicile.

2. 2

   Apply for permit

   Apply for a residence permit on the basis of significant cantonal/fiscal interest under FNIA Art. 30.

3. 3

   Establish domicile and register

   Establish tax domicile and register at the commune within 14 days.

Official Sources

• Official Federal Department of Finance (EFD) - Lump-sum taxation · Federal Department of Finance (EFD)

Requirements

• Sponsor holds a qualifying permit or Swiss citizenship
• Suitable shared housing
• Sufficient income/means; no reliance on social assistance (non-EU)
• Compliance with FNIA Art. 47 deadlines (third-country: 5 years; children over 12 within 12 months)

Required Documents

• Marriage/birth certificates (legalised/apostilled and translated) required
• Passports required
• Proof of housing required
• Proof of income/means required
• Health insurance required

Official fees

Process Steps

1. 1

   Sponsor applies

   Sponsor applies to the cantonal migration office; family abroad apply for a D visa at the Swiss representation.

2. 2

   Demonstrate conditions

   Demonstrate suitable housing and sufficient income/means.

3. 3

   Enter and register

   Family members enter and register at the commune within 14 days.

Official Sources

• Official ch.ch - Family reunification · Swiss Confederation portal (ch.ch)
• Official SEM - Family reunification factsheet (AFMP) · State Secretariat for Migration (SEM)

Requirements

• Hosting or employment agreement with a recognised Swiss institution
• Research project supporting science/technology
• Relevant qualifications and proof of funding

Required Documents

• Hosting/employment agreement required
• Research project description required
• Qualifications required
• Proof of funding required

Official fees

Process Steps

1. 1

   Secure hosting agreement

   Arrange a hosting/employment agreement with a recognised Swiss institution.

2. 2

   Approval and visa

   Canton-to-SEM approval; non-EU researchers apply for a D visa abroad.

3. 3

   Enter and register

   Enter and register at the commune within 14 days.

Official Sources

• Official SEM - Work-market admission for non-EU/EFTA nationals · State Secretariat for Migration (SEM)

Requirements

• Descent from a Swiss parent (for descent route)
• Third generation: apply before 25th birthday; born in CH with C permit and 5+ years compulsory schooling in CH
• Third generation: parent with PR, 10+ years' residence and 5+ years' schooling in CH
• Third generation: at least one grandparent born in CH or with proven right of residence

Required Documents

• Proof of Swiss parentage or grandparent link required
• Proof of birth in Switzerland and C permit (third generation) required
• Proof of compulsory schooling in Switzerland (third generation) required

Official fees

Process Steps

1. 1

   Determine route

   Confirm eligibility (descent from a Swiss parent, or third-generation criteria).

2. 2

   Apply to SEM

   Submit the simplified naturalisation application to SEM (third-generation applicants before their 25th birthday).

3. 3

   Decision

   SEM decides the application.

Official Sources

• Official SEM - Simplified naturalisation for descendants of a Swiss parent · State Secretariat for Migration (SEM)
• Official SEM - Simplified naturalisation for third-generation foreign nationals · State Secretariat for Migration (SEM)

Requirements

• Sufficient financial means (pension/assets/income)
• Comprehensive health insurance
• For non-EU pensioners: over a set age and personal ties to Switzerland (FNIA Art. 28)

Required Documents

• Proof of pension/assets/income required
• Health-insurance policy required
• Proof of accommodation required
• Valid passport required

Official fees

Process Steps

1. 1

   Apply before arrival

   Apply to cantonal authorities before arrival; non-EU/EFTA may need a D visa from the Swiss representation abroad.

2. 2

   Demonstrate means

   Demonstrate sufficient financial means and comprehensive health insurance.

3. 3

   Enter and register

   Enter and register at the commune within 14 days.

Official Sources

• Official ch.ch - Living in Switzerland without gainful employment · Swiss Confederation portal (ch.ch)

Requirements

• Qualifying period reached (5 years EU-15/EFTA; 10 years most third-country nationals)
• B1 spoken / A1 written in the local national language
• Financial self-sufficiency (no debt-collection/social-assistance reliance)
• Respect for public order

Required Documents

• Recognised language certificate (e.g. fide) required
• Proof of no debt-collection/social-assistance required
• Residence history required
• Passport required

Official fees

Process Steps

1. 1

   Reach qualifying period

   Complete the required years of qualifying residence.

2. 2

   Apply at canton

   Apply to the cantonal migration office with integration and language evidence.

Official Sources

• Official SEM - C EU/EFTA settlement permit · State Secretariat for Migration (SEM)

Requirements

• 10 years' residence (years aged 8-18 count double; minimum 6 actual years)
• Hold a C settlement permit
• 2-5 years in the commune/canton (cantonal law)
• Successful integration and no security threat

Required Documents

• Naturalisation application form required
• Proof of C permit and residence history required
• Language and integration evidence required
• Proof of no debt-collection/criminal record required

Official fees

Process Steps

1. 1

   Submit application

   Obtain and submit the form to the commune/canton naturalisation authority.

2. 2

   Cantonal check

   Canton checks requirements, integration and familiarity with Swiss life and prepares a naturalisation report.

3. 3

   Federal licence

   Canton forwards the file to SEM, which issues the federal naturalisation licence.

4. 4

   Cantonal decision

   The cantonal authority must issue its decision within one year of the federal licence, or the licence lapses.

5. 5

   Acquire citizenship

   Once the cantonal decision is legally binding, you acquire communal, cantonal and federal citizenship together.

Official Sources

• Official SEM - Ordinary naturalisation · State Secretariat for Migration (SEM)

Requirements

• Married to a Swiss citizen
• In Switzerland: 5 years' residence, 1 year immediately before application, 3 years married and cohabiting, successful integration
• Abroad: 6 years married plus close ties to Switzerland

Required Documents

• Completed simplified naturalisation form required
• Marriage certificate required
• Proof of residence/cohabitation periods required
• Integration and language evidence (B1 spoken / A2 written, in CH) required

Official fees

Process Steps

1. 1

   Request form

   If in Switzerland, request the form by email from SEM (ch@sem.admin.ch); if abroad, request from the nearest Swiss representation.

2. 2

   Submit application

   Submit the completed form with all required documents to SEM (or the Swiss representation if abroad).

3. 3

   Decision

   SEM decides the application.

Official Sources

• Official SEM - Simplified naturalisation (spouse of a Swiss citizen) · State Secretariat for Migration (SEM)