What the data shows across these countries
- 51 documented routes in total
- 20 countries have at least one route that leads to permanent residence
- 41 countries have at least one route that leads on to citizenship
- 1 country documents at least one route with no language requirement
- 21 EU members, 23 in the Schengen Area, 6 in the Persian Gulf
- Official government fees range from 75 to 1,611 EUR across the 13 countries that publish one
These figures are counted from the routes documented on this site, not estimated. Each country page states its own sources.
Countries offering this route
Andorra
- Citizenship by Naturalization (Llei qualificada de la nacionalitat, 1995)
1 pathway
United Arab Emirates
- Emirati Citizenship by Naturalisation (Government Nomination Only)
1 pathway
No language needed
See requirements
Albania
- Citizenship by Naturalization (Law 113/2020, Art. 8)
1 pathway
Official fee from 200 ALL
Austria
- Naturalisation by Residence (StbG section 10 / 11a)
- Naturalisation by Marriage / Registered Partnership (StbG section 11a)
2 pathways
Official fee from 1,611 EUR
EU Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship
See requirements
Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Citizenship by Naturalisation
1 pathway
Leads to PR / citizenship
See requirements
Belgium
- Belgian Nationality (Declaration of Acquisition / Naturalisation)
1 pathway
Official fee from 1,000 EUR
EU Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship
See requirements
Bulgaria
- Citizenship by naturalisation
1 pathway
EU Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship
See requirements
Bahrain
- Naturalisation as a Bahraini Citizen (Bahraini Citizenship Act)
1 pathway
Leads to PR / citizenship
See requirements
Switzerland
- Ordinary Naturalisation
- Simplified Naturalisation (Spouse of a Swiss Citizen)
2 pathways
Official fee from 600 CHF
Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship
See requirements
Cyprus
- Naturalisation by Years of Residence (Form M127)
1 pathway
Official fee from 500 EUR
EU
See requirements
Czech Republic
- Citizenship by Naturalization (Conferment)
1 pathway
Official fee from 14,000 CZK
EU Schengen
See requirements
Germany
- Naturalisation (§10 StAG — reformed law in force 27 June 2024)
1 pathway
Official fee from 306 EUR
EU Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship
See requirements
Denmark
- Naturalisation (citizenship by Act of Parliament)
1 pathway
Official fee from 10,351 DKK
EU Schengen
See requirements
Estonia
- Estonian Citizenship by Naturalisation
1 pathway
EU Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship
See requirements
Finland
- Finnish citizenship by naturalisation
1 pathway
Official fee from 520 EUR
EU Schengen
See requirements
United Kingdom
- Naturalisation as a British citizen
1 pathway
Official fee from 1,839 GBP
Leads to PR / citizenship
See requirements
Greece
- Naturalization / Citizenship
1 pathway
Official fee from 700 EUR
EU Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship
See requirements
Hungary
- Ordinary Naturalization
1 pathway
EU Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship
See requirements
Ireland
- Citizenship by Naturalisation
1 pathway
Official fee from 1,325 EUR
EU Leads to PR / citizenship
See requirements
Iceland
- Citizenship / naturalisation
1 pathway
Official fee from 135,000 ISK
Schengen
See requirements
Italy
- Italian citizenship by naturalization and by descent (jure sanguinis)
1 pathway
EU Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship
See requirements
Kuwait
- Citizenship by Naturalisation (Nationality Law No. 15/1959 — generally not attainable)
1 pathway
Liechtenstein
- Naturalization — ordinary procedure (municipal vote)
- Naturalization — facilitated, long-term residence (30 years)
- Naturalization — facilitated, by marriage
3 pathways
Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship
See requirements
Luxembourg
- Luxembourgish Nationality (Naturalisation)
1 pathway
Official fee from 75 EUR
EU Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship
See requirements
Monaco
- Monegasque Nationality (Naturalisation, Marriage, Descent)
1 pathway
Moldova
- Citizenship by naturalization
1 pathway
Official fee from 2,080 MDL
Montenegro
- Naturalization (Admission to Montenegrin Citizenship)
1 pathway
Leads to PR / citizenship
See requirements
North Macedonia
- Citizenship / Naturalization
1 pathway
Malta
- Naturalisation by Long Residence
- Citizenship by Registration - Marriage
- Citizenship for Exceptional Services by Merit
3 pathways
Official fee from 200 EUR
EU Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship
See requirements
Netherlands
- Naturalisation
- Option Procedure for Dutch Citizenship
2 pathways
Official fee from 680 EUR
EU Schengen
See requirements
Norway
- Citizenship (Naturalisation)
1 pathway
Official fee from 6,500 NOK
Schengen
See requirements
Oman
- Omani Citizenship by Naturalisation
1 pathway
Official fee from 600 OMR
Poland
- Citizenship by recognition (Voivode)
- Citizenship by grant of the President
2 pathways
Official fee from 1,000 PLN
EU Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship
See requirements
Qatar
- Naturalisation as a Qatari Citizen (Law No. 38 of 2005)
1 pathway
Romania
- Naturalisation (Standard) — Law 21/1991
1 pathway
EU Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship
See requirements
Serbia
- Citizenship / naturalisation
1 pathway
Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Citizenship by Naturalisation (Highly Restricted)
1 pathway
Sweden
- Swedish citizenship by naturalisation
1 pathway
Official fee from 2,900 SEK
EU Schengen
See requirements
Slovenia
- Naturalization (Citizenship)
1 pathway
Official fee from 381 EUR
EU Schengen
See requirements
Slovakia
- Citizenship by Naturalisation
1 pathway
Official fee from 1,170 EUR
EU Schengen
See requirements
San Marino
- Citizenship by Naturalization - Law 114/2000 (as amended; reform L 27/2026 + Reg. 4/2026)
1 pathway
Leads to PR / citizenship
See requirements
Ukraine
- Citizenship by Naturalization (Admission)
1 pathway
Official fee from 20,018 UAH
Republic of Kosovo
- Citizenship / Naturalization (Law No. 04/L-215)
1 pathway
Official fee from 150 EUR