Permanent Residence

47 countries document this route. Each entry links to that country’s full requirements, official government fees and timelines.

What the data shows across these countries

61 documented routes in total
37 countries have at least one route that leads to permanent residence
43 countries have at least one route that leads on to citizenship
5 countries document at least one route with no language requirement
27 EU members, 29 in the Schengen Area, 4 in the Persian Gulf
Official government fees range from 10 to 2,052 EUR across the 24 countries that publish one

These figures are counted from the routes documented on this site, not estimated. Each country page states its own sources.

Countries offering this route

Andorra

Long-Term Established Residence (immobilitzat, Art. 62)
Passive Residence – Scientific, Cultural or Sports Interest (Art. 101)

2 pathways Official fee from 23 EUR

Leads to PR / citizenship

See requirements

Albania

Permanent Residence (Art. 87)

1 pathway Official fee from 4,500 ALL

See requirements

Austria

Long-term Resident - EU (Daueraufenthalt - EU)

1 pathway Official fee from 275 EUR

EU Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship

See requirements

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Permanent Residence (Stalni boravak)

1 pathway Official fee from 200 BAM

Leads to PR / citizenship

See requirements

Belgium

EU Long-Term Resident / Unlimited Residence

1 pathway Official fee from 202 EUR

EU Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship

See requirements

Bulgaria

Long-term / Permanent residence

1 pathway

EU Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship

See requirements

Bahrain

Long-Term Residence (de facto PR via Golden Residency / Self-Sponsorship)

1 pathway

Leads to PR / citizenship No language needed

See requirements

Switzerland

Residence Without Gainful Activity (Retirees / Persons of Private Means)
Settlement Permit C (Permanent Residence)

2 pathways Official fee from 100 CHF

Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship

See requirements

Cyprus

Category F Immigration Permit (Passive Income)
Long-Term Resident Status

2 pathways Official fee from 30 EUR

EU Leads to PR / citizenship

See requirements

Czech Republic

Permanent Residence after 5 Years (Third-Country Nationals)
Permanent Residence of an EU Citizen (after 5 Years)
Permanent Residence for EU Blue Card Holders from Another EU Member State

3 pathways Official fee from 200 CZK

EU Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship

See requirements

Germany

Settlement Permit / EU Long-Term Residence (§9, §18c, §9a AufenthG)

1 pathway Official fee from 439 EUR

EU Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship

See requirements

Denmark

Permanent residence permit

1 pathway Official fee from 12,540 DKK

EU Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship

See requirements

Estonia

Long-Term Resident / Permanent Residence Permit

1 pathway Official fee from 185 EUR

EU Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship

See requirements

Spain

Non-Lucrative Visa (NLV) - passive income, no work

1 pathway Official fee from 2,052 EUR

EU Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship

See requirements

Finland

Permanent residence permit (P / P-EU)

1 pathway Official fee from 380 EUR

EU Schengen

See requirements

France

Visitor long-stay visa (VLS-TS Visiteur) — non-working stays incl. retirees

1 pathway Official fee from 300 EUR

EU Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship

See requirements

United Kingdom

EU Settlement Scheme (settled / pre-settled status)
Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR / Settlement)

2 pathways Official fee from 3,276 GBP

Leads to PR / citizenship

See requirements

Greece

Permanent / Long-Term Residence (Category M)

1 pathway Official fee from 916 EUR

EU Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship

See requirements

Croatia

Long-Term Residence / Permanent Stay

1 pathway Official fee from 60 EUR

EU Schengen

See requirements

Hungary

National Residence Card (Permanent Residence)
EU Residence Card (EU Long-Term Resident)

2 pathways Official fee from 46,000 HUF

EU Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship

See requirements

Ireland

Long-Term Residency (Stamp 4, 5-year)

1 pathway Official fee from 800 EUR

EU Leads to PR / citizenship

See requirements

Iceland

Permanent residence permit

1 pathway Official fee from 90,000 ISK

Schengen

See requirements

Italy

EU Long-Term Residence Permit (Permesso di soggiorno UE per soggiornanti di lungo periodo)

1 pathway

EU Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship

See requirements

Kuwait

Permanent Residence (Reality: none — long-term renewable permits only)

Permanent residence (D) and settlement / establishment (C)

1 pathway Official fee from 1,060 CHF

Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship

See requirements

Lithuania

Permanent Residence Permit (long-term resident, 5-year route)

1 pathway Official fee from 320 EUR

EU Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship

See requirements

Luxembourg

EU Long-Term Resident Status

1 pathway Official fee from 80 EUR

EU Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship

See requirements

Latvia

EU Long-Term Resident Status / Permanent Residence

1 pathway Official fee from 440 EUR

EU Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship

See requirements

Monaco

Long-Term Residence (Carte de séjour privilégiée) and Residence Categories

1 pathway Official fee from 470 EUR

Leads to PR / citizenship

See requirements

Moldova

Permanent residence (CR card)

1 pathway Official fee from 1,350 MDL

See requirements

Montenegro

Permanent Residence (Stalni boravak)

1 pathway Official fee from 67 EUR

Leads to PR / citizenship

See requirements

North Macedonia

Permanent Residence

1 pathway

See requirements

Malta

Economic Self-Sufficiency Residence Permit
EU Long-Term Residence (third-country nationals)
Permanent Residence / eResidence for EU nationals

3 pathways Official fee from 100 EUR

EU Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship

See requirements

Netherlands

Permanent Residence Permit (Type II) / EU Long-Term Residence (Type V)

1 pathway Official fee from 254 EUR

EU Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship

See requirements

Norway

Permanent Residence Permit

1 pathway Official fee from 6,000 NOK

Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship

See requirements

Oman

Long-Term Residence (Investor Residency - de facto PR)

Permanent residence permit (pobyt staly)
EU long-term resident permit

2 pathways Official fee from 740 PLN

EU Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship

See requirements

Portugal

Permanent residence and residence-permit renewal

1 pathway Official fee from 29 EUR

EU Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship

See requirements

Qatar

Permanent Residency (Law No. 10 of 2018)

1 pathway

Leads to PR / citizenship No language needed

See requirements

Romania

Long-Term Residence (Third-Country Nationals)
Permanent Residence for EU/EEA/Swiss Citizens and Families

2 pathways

EU Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship

See requirements

Serbia

Permanent residence (settling / indefinite leave to remain)
Temporary Residence — Property/Real Estate Ownership

2 pathways

Leads to PR / citizenship No language needed

See requirements

Sweden

Permanent residence permit

Permanent Residence Permit

1 pathway Official fee from 117 EUR

EU Schengen

See requirements

Slovakia

Permanent Residence (Five Years) and Unlimited Permanent Residence
EU Long-Term Residence Status

2 pathways Official fee from 10 EUR

EU Schengen Leads to PR / citizenship

See requirements

San Marino

Permanent Residence (Residenza Anagrafica) - L 118/2010 art. 19-22 / DD 151/2010
Atypical Residence — Reduced Taxation for Foreign-Income Earners (Residenza Atipica Soggetta a Regime Fiscale Agevolato)

2 pathways Official fee from 110 EUR

Leads to PR / citizenship

See requirements

Ukraine

Immigration Permit -> Permanent Residence Permit (PRP)

1 pathway

Leads to PR / citizenship

See requirements

Republic of Kosovo

Permanent Residence

1 pathway Official fee from 220 EUR

Leads to PR / citizenship

See requirements